Bipolar Disorder Essay Example for Free

Bipolar Disorder Essay I chose Bipolar Disorder and the history of bipolar it is a disease that is founded conceptualized, and it was by Kremlin, and it was at least more than 100 years ago. And back in history the unipolar it was a depression and it was bad blood, and it was call black bile so in the 19 century the illness it was in terms of biphasic illness. And people will have their ups and downs the ones that do have major bipolar disorder. So major depression it is higher in families that do have a history of a mood disorder. And the myths of this bipolar disorder its a mental disorder, and it is mood shifts, and this is also depression, and this does cause the person ability to function and the person energy to be slow. Their mood swings can come when you do expect it you ca be ok one minute and then all of sudden you are not because of the mood swings. Here are some myth and it is bipolar disorder it is a very rare condition and the bipolar it is mood swings. So the misconception of the bipolar is that it is not a real illness, and it is so easy for you to absorb the bipolar misconceptions but it is crucial to learn the facts. Also, the bipolar disorder it is a very highly treatable ant so it cyclical and the genetic illness it can be very well controlled but also in the same vein as the chronic illness. The treatment for the bipolar it is to make sure that the person function as well as they can between the episode s and make sure that they do treat to reduce severity acute episodes of this mania depression when it does happen to the person. And there are treatments like mood stabilizers and sleep aids and also social supportive care. Also, the Doctor he will see what may have triggered the attack. Also, the bipolar disorder it is a recurrent of the diseases it is unpredictable. There are other treatments for the bipolar disorder, and it is electroconvulsive therapy and there is pharmacotherapy. Some patients they cannot do the electroconvulsive therapy so they do put them on drugs that will help them. Also, back in the (1930) they could not do this test because it was consider as a shock block but now it is safe for them to do the test. Because over the past years it has become very safe for them. Also, bipolar disorder the treated with the drug call lithium, and this is the main first drug that they do use on bipolar patients. The signs and symptoms of the bipolar disorder there are the seasonal changes in mood  because some they do have bipolar disorder but their moods does change with the seasons. And then there are the signs of racing thoughts like they are full of ideas, but the symptom it can present in an irregular speech pattern. Then there are the feelings of guilt because if they are depressed then they may feel guilt about how their condition is. And they may feel so bad because of the pressure that they have put on their love ones and also their emotion toward their love ones. And there are symptoms of poor concentration and poor judgment. Also, they can have both symptoms of the depression and the mania, and they can happen at the same time, so this call mixed state. The diagnosis it is medical evaluation and psychometric testing. That way they can find out how bad their disorder may be. Because the patient can be very suicide also the type of professionals that are involved they are a psychiatrist and they do have a medical degree in this area So they can diagnosis but they do need to be seen by the psychiatrist for the bipolar disorder so that the Doctor can see what drug will best for them. Also, a psychiatrist some they do not give medication and some they will give them therapy just like a social worker would do. The one that is the best for bipolar it is cognitive behavioral therapy, and it does work very well for the bipolar patients. The diagnosis also for the type one is if the patient does have one manic episode but do not have a history of major depression. There are different types of bipolar disorder like bipolar one and bipolar two disorders. But it does depend on how bad the mood swings does occur. Because some mood swings, they can be classified as mixed because their mood swings does not last long so this is why it is call mixed. But for all types of this disorder they do sufferer experiences and significant problems their functioning in school and work. Some they may be put in the hospital because of psychotic symptoms because they may have the delusion or maybe have hallucinations. And if you do not get your bipolar took care of it can cause solemn probl ems like financial crisis. Some of the risk factors that the bipolar they are that the bipolar disorder it is not hereditary but the bipolar and schizophrenia they have a lot in common. And the two they do share a lot if the same risk genes so they both do have some of the genetic factors which are unique. And stress it can also cause the bipolar. So they need to try to not get stress do not let anyone stress them get away from it. The effects of neurotransmitters are that  they are the same as mania and depression. The nerve cells they do produce the neurotransmitters it like chemicals that do move like lighting from one cell to another, and the do carry a message. And the neurotransmitter serotonin it does regulate the moods, and sleep, and their appetite and also their memory. The environment and detract if you have bipolar you are to be on anti-depressant also anti-psychotic medication. And the patient they need to be a claim and be in a supportive environment because it will make it so much better for them to recover, and their medication will work for them much better. And make sure you do not get over tire take it easy. And make sure that you do eat three meals a day that is crucial for the patient. Also, the patient does need to stay away from people that does argue all the time because it will make the patient feel bad. So they do need to stay from people that may cause their life to be difficult. An d if they have a pet that will help them to, and they do need to get out and walk or maybe also jog visit their friends more than what they do because it good to be around friends. Well for the past the bipolar disorder it is a chemical dependence, and it was addressed as a separate condition and their treatment also which was at separate facilities. But when the people was diagnosed that they had the bipolar they are referred to a mental health treatment center. And some sent to a hospital that is psychiatric because they were abusing the drugs. So today they do recognize the treatment of the bipolar disorder and substance abuse through a process that is call integrated treatment. So it is the number of treatments, and it is for different treatments strategies for the bipolar. The background of the bipolar disorder it is chemical of imbalances of the brain, and it is the key of the bipolar disorder and it is the complex of the genetic and the environment and it does have other factors also. They do have a lot of episodes of the bipolar disorder. REFERENCES HUMAN DISEASES A SYSTEMIC APPROACH 2009 HTTP;//WWW.MEDICINENET.COM/BIPOLAR DISORDER HTTP;//WWW.APA.ORG HTTP;//WWW.EVERYDAYHEALTH.COM/HEALTH-REPORT BIPOLAR-DEPRESSION/BIPOLAR DISORDER.MISCONCEPTIONS.ASPX 2013 WWW.NYTIMES.COM/HEALTH/GUDIES/DISEASE/BIPOLAR DISORDER/TREATMENT.HTML 2012 http://www.dualdiagnosis.org

Chilc Abuse Essay -- essays research papers

Each year in the USA there are approximately one million reports of child maltreatment, about 25% relate to physical abuse and about 1000 children die of maltreatment each year (US Department of Health and Human Services 1999). During the past few decades, researchers have aimed at detecting the children, who are at high risk of becoming victims of abuse, so that appropriate interventions can be undertaken. The risk factors that have been emphasized include characteristics of the child, family, and social environment, and the relationship. One of the risk factors that have been widely studied is the parents’ upbringing, specifically whether he or she was abused as a child. This risk factor is often referred to as intergenerational transmission of child abuse. Soon after Kempe introduced the â€Å"Battered Child Syndrome† a number of reports began to appear which suggested that abusive parents were themselves abused as children (Curtis 1963; Galdston 1965; Wasserman 1973). Since this concept was presented there has been a considerable amount of research done on the subject. Steele (1983) declared that â€Å" with few exceptions, parents or other caretakers who maltreat babies, were themselves neglected (with or without physical abuse) in their own earliest years†(p. 235). In contrast, Cicchetti and Aber (1980) have asserted that empirical support for intergenerational transmission is lacking. Kaufman and Zigler (1987) reviewed evidence suggesting that abused children become abusive parents and concl uded that the case for transmission across generations has been overstated. Looking back on past investigations gives support for intergenerational transmission, almost without exception. These investigations identify maltreating parents and then interview them about their own childhood. Investigations done with and without control groups indicate abusing parents report high rates of having been abused physically during childhood (Steele and Pollock 1974; Horowitz and Wollock 1981; Oliver 1978; Kotelchuk 1982; Friedrich and Wheeler 1982). Kaufman and Zigler have pointed out the problem with using results stemming from retrospective investigations to estimate the effect of an abused-abusing cycle. Because these investigations don’t have access to parents who were mistreated as children, they tend to overestimate the incidence of the maltreated-maltreating cycle. There are a... ... Reference 1. Cicchetti, D., and Aber, J.L. Abused children-abusive parents: An overstated Case? Harvard Educational Review (1980) 50:244-55. 2. Curtis, G. C. Violence breeds violence-perhaps? American Journal of Psychiatry (1963) 120:386-87. 3. Friedrich, W. N., and Wheeler, K. K. The abusing parent revisited: A decade of psychological research. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease (1982) 170:577-87. 4. Gladston, R. Observations on children who have been physically abused and their parents. American Journal of Psychiatry (19665) 122:440-43. 5. Hilberman, E. Overview : The â€Å"wife-beater’s wife† reconsidered. American Journal of Psychiatry (1980) 137:1336-47. 6. Horowitz, B., and Wollock, I. Maternal deprivation, child maltreatment and agency interventions among poor families. In L. Pelton, eds. The Social Context of Child Abuse and Neglect. Human Sciences Press, 1981. 7. Kadushin, A., and Martin, J. Child Abuse: An Interactional Event. Columbia University Press 1981. 8. Kaufman, J., and Zigler, E. Do abused children become abusive parents? American Journal of Orthopsychiatry (1987) 57:186-92. 9. Kotelchuk, M. Child abuse and neglect: Prediction and misclassification.

Light Emitting Diode

LIGHT EMITTING DIODES Light Emitting Diodes are electronic components that use the flow of electrons to excite materials into emitting photons of light. A diode is a basic electronic component that allows electricity to flow one way only. The discovery of â€Å"light emitting† diodes we believe was an accident sometime around 1907 when a diode in an early radio transmitter was noticed to glow when in use. Incandescent bulbs use resistance in a filament to impede the flow of electricity, heating up to a degree which emits light.It takes high amounts of energy to do this and the filament burns out in time and high levels of wasted energy are given off in the form of heat. Quite a â€Å"green† product from a manufacturing and chemical/recyclable point of view. CFL â€Å"energy savers†, fluorescent tubes and many other conventional lamps use higher frequency alternating current to excite harmful chemicals to emit light. One 5 foot 1,5meter tube contains enough mercur y to contaminate a swimming pool. Billions have been dumped into waste disposal. Heavy metal poisons have a cumulative effect.In the long term these cannot be a â€Å"fix† for the energy crisis we face today. They are poisoning our earth and also us directly through the food chain and locally with emission of harmful UV. So â€Å"Energy savers† are in the writers opinion very dangerous and should be banned. Aquifers for example may soon be or may already have been rendered unusable. Cape Town for example has water shortages in summer, but our municipal uncontrolled dumps are sitting on top of these aquifers. With poison being cumulative up the food chain, we worry about the safety of this water.A lot of our vegetables are grown in this area, using this aquifer water. Has this water or these vegetables been tested? LED lighting uses less energy than most other lighting sources, with current commercially available product generation producing 90 or more lumens per watt a nd doing so with a good power factor. Initial start up current is not high so production capacity of electricity can be reduced. Led lighting can give the illusion of natural light and thus the lit area may not be so obvious as with the predominantly yellow wash from other technologies.However, this warm effect can be created with the appropriate (warm) colour scale choice of LED. (Kelvin scale) LED lamps can be made to any specific colour from infra-red to ultra violet for specific requirement. For example, the pure white, 5000-6000K or daylight white 6000-7000k (slightly blue to look at) will greatly enhance viewing of detail, help old tired eyes with reading and greatly improves CCTV camera image quality. The limited white light band emitted by LED luminaries with very little long wavelength red light content, does not reflect off glass for example so that CCTV cameras will view inside of vehicles for example.Visual quality control of food products and manufactured goods is enhan ced. Finishing lines for the automotive industry will clearly show up any blemishes for example. LED useful life span is longer than most other forms of lighting. Actually LED lifespan is governed more by the mains power supply conversion components that drive them. The LED component should be good for 50 000 hours with acceptable loss of output , however the lamp will be limited by the lifespan of the driver which is likely to be 20 to 30 000 hours. The driver converts your input mains Alternating Current to Direct Current.The led itself being a diode, runs on low DC voltage. I prefer constant voltage power supplies to drive LED's as opposed to constant current drivers. Constant current drivers are a little more energy efficient but we have found in practice that they cause the LED to run too hot for our liking and in some circumstances don't switch the current fast enough and pop the led. Constant voltage â€Å"switch mode† power supplies have a wide input voltage tolerance , are very efficient and have internal short circuit, temperature and overload protection circuits with automatic recovery.Conventional low voltage down lights for example mostly use copper wound transformers. Output voltage of transformers follow the input voltage. These type of transformers are around 50% efficient so it takes approx 75watts to run a 50watt lamp. This could be replaced by a 6watt LED lamp that would use 7watts taking the power supply in to account. Power factor would be improved. LED's run extremely cool relative to â€Å"conventional† lamps so can also save on air conditioning. A fluorescent or incandescent lamp in a fridge is effectively having a fire inside a fridge.High power LED's do run hotter, but not nearly as hot as metal halide, fluorescent, HPS or incandescent. LED lamps are recyclable and contain no harmful toxins. In addition to this the manufacturing process of this produces less carbon emissions than some other older type of lamps. No hazardo us substance disposal procedure required. They will have relatively high recycle value and can achieve Restriction of Hazardous Substances certification. The light output is colour specific, which does not degrade over time. Unlike most other light sources, they emit very low levels of harmful UV and infra-red rays.For food processing areas, our lamps, if broken, will not contaminate the area and can be made with PVC or poly carbonate covers so no broken glass issues either. (food production plants) LED is available in many guises, so most of your old fittings can be retrofitted with LED to minimize cost and waste. (tubes, bulkheads, downlights etc) LED lighting is directional, so light pollution in to neighbouring areas can be contained. This also allows for much lower power for example in the case of reading lamps. (task lighting).Less confusion blinding night creatures, less attraction and little or no killing of insects. The Earth Power team appeals to you to support the growing LED lighting industry which is open to all, unlike the â€Å"conventional† lighting industry which is dominated by wealthy giant corporations who all helped in getting us in to this trouble in the first place. We have been working with LED technology specifically for 4 years now and have identified many top quality reliable products and technologies. These products exceed our expectations and do more than just the job in hand.This technology has leaped in the last few years and continues to move forward. Our dedicated team consists of the founder with 35years owned business experience in the electronics industry an experienced QS , our marketing relationship manageress with a legal degree and our in-training technicians and support staff. EarthPower has quickly become a strong well know brand. We may not be the first to offer LED lighting in South Africa, but we are one of the pioneers and with 4 years dedication, one of the most experienced. Remember, we are all the incumbe nt custodians of our planet.

Guided Ant Colony Optimization Based Variable Neighborhood...

GAVNS: Guided Ant Colony Optimization based Variable Neighborhood Search for Optimistic Load Balancing in Grid Computing Gurveer Kaur Brar1, Amit Chhabra2 1 Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar Punjab, India gurveer.dhillon43@gmail.com, amit.cse@gndu.ac.in Abstract Grid Computing resolves high performance computing and throughput issues through sharing of resources. These resources are heterogeneous in nature and geographically distributed to develop large scale applications. Scheduling and Load balancing is one of the key ideas in grid environment. For efficient scheduling, proper management of resources is required. This paper mainly presents Guided Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) based Variable Neighborhood Search (GAVNS) algorithm which represents how to schedule an independent jobs on grid nodes in order to optimize the schedule and load on nodes/servers. The performance of proposed algorithm is compared with existing Variable Neighborhood Search (VNS) algorithm. Simulation results have shown that GAVNS performs better than VNS. Moreover, better makespan is achieved through this technique. Keywords: Grid Computing; Job Scheduling; Makespan; Ant Colony Optimization; Load balancing; Variable Neighborhood Search 1. Introduction Grid Computing is a form of parallel and distributed computing that permits sharing, selection and collection of widely dispersed dynamic resources at run time. They mainly rely on their availability, performance, capability, cost and